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(2002): Biopolis. Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 31-32.', 'abstract' => '', 'reference_type_id' => '2', 'url' => '', 'author' => '', 'work' => '', 'publisher' => '', 'year' => '', 'location_id' => '0', 'locationtag_id' => '0', 'user_id' => '7', 'created' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'modified' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'AssetsReference' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Article' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '142', 'thread_id' => '28', 'user_id' => '7', 'usergroup_id' => '0', 'article_type_id' => '3', 'title' => 'Patrick Geddes', 'lead' => '', 'abstract' => '', 'text' => 'Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a trained Scottish biologist. He also worked as an urban planner and teacher. With the approach “diagnosis before treatment,” i.e. the exploration of regional conditions such as geology, geography, climate, economy, and social situation, he is seen as the one who introduced the term “region” to the field of town planning. Volker M. Welter quoted that for Geddes, “to create a city meant in first instance to erect a cultural, educational, and spiritual superstructure rather than to arrange functional zones.” Geddes used biological concepts to think about the city as an organic entity. For Geddes, the city is the culmination of human evolution and even more: “May not the city be the long-sought missing link between animal and human evolution?” (Branford/Geddes 1917: 153) With his stress on “survey before plan” Geddes’ participatory surveys can be understood as technologies for the production of subjects of regulated governmental self-formation. Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Minette De Silva, Artur Glikson, Lewis Mumfords, and others drew from his work. Geddes produced over 45 reports and plans for various cities in Britain and the British Empire, mainly in India and Palestine. Geddes’ influence on town planning discourses fluctuated greatly.While he was already invited for lectures to India in 1914, he wasn’t taken seriously in Britain until he presented his plan for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, after which he received a positive response for his analysis of ancient Vedic cities. It was not until about 20 years after his death that his works were discussed again. In the1940s and 1950s Geddes was extremely well known. His son Arthur Geddes and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt edited Patrick Geddes’ report on India, which examined the thematic areas of rural surroundings, problems of overcrowding and social segregation, and was published in 1947. In the foreword, written by Lewis Mumford, Mumford referred to Geddes as a global thinker and forefather. Geddes had a deep influence on modernist discourse; his diagrams such as “The Valley Section” and “The Notation of Life” were analyzed with Le Corbusier’s on urban problems. At the CIAM conference in 1946, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt gave the book “Patrick Geddes in India” to Minnette de Silva. Geddes’ analysis was extremely important for post-war CIAM in 1951 and 1956, and a Geddesian valley section was included in the Doorn Manifesto by Team 10. (FA + MH) Sources: De Silva, Minnette (1998): The life & work of an Asian woman architect. Colombo: Smart Media Productions. Branford, Victor/Geddes, Patrick (1917): The Coming Polity: A Study in Reconstruction. London. Goist, Park Dixon (1974): "Patrick Geddes and the City." In: Journal of the American Planning Association, Issue 40/1. 31-37. Home, Robert (1997): Of Planting and Planning. The making of British colonial cities. London: E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall. Joyce, Patrick (2003): The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London: Verso. Rubin, Noah Hysler (2009): "The changing appreciation of Patrick Geddes: a case study in planning history.” In: Planning Perspectives, Issue 24/3. 349-366. Sutherland, Douglas (2009): “Education as an agent of social evolution: the educational projects of Patrick Geddes in late-Victorian Scotland.” In: History of Education, Issue 38/3. 349-365. Welter, Volker M. (2002): Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the city of life. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Welter, Volker M. (2003): “Post-War CIAM, Team X, and the Influence of Patrick Geddes.” In: Camp, D’Laine/van den Heuvel, Dirk/ de Waal, Gijs (Eds.): CIAM Team 10-the English Context. Delft: Technische Universiteit. 87-110. 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(2002): Biopolis. Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 31-32.', 'abstract' => '', 'reference_type_id' => '2', 'url' => '', 'author' => '', 'work' => '', 'publisher' => '', 'year' => '', 'location_id' => '0', 'locationtag_id' => '0', 'user_id' => '7', 'created' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'modified' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'AssetsReference' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Article' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '142', 'thread_id' => '28', 'user_id' => '7', 'usergroup_id' => '0', 'article_type_id' => '3', 'title' => 'Patrick Geddes', 'lead' => '', 'abstract' => '', 'text' => 'Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a trained Scottish biologist. He also worked as an urban planner and teacher. With the approach “diagnosis before treatment,” i.e. the exploration of regional conditions such as geology, geography, climate, economy, and social situation, he is seen as the one who introduced the term “region” to the field of town planning. Volker M. Welter quoted that for Geddes, “to create a city meant in first instance to erect a cultural, educational, and spiritual superstructure rather than to arrange functional zones.” Geddes used biological concepts to think about the city as an organic entity. For Geddes, the city is the culmination of human evolution and even more: “May not the city be the long-sought missing link between animal and human evolution?” (Branford/Geddes 1917: 153) With his stress on “survey before plan” Geddes’ participatory surveys can be understood as technologies for the production of subjects of regulated governmental self-formation. Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Minette De Silva, Artur Glikson, Lewis Mumfords, and others drew from his work. Geddes produced over 45 reports and plans for various cities in Britain and the British Empire, mainly in India and Palestine. Geddes’ influence on town planning discourses fluctuated greatly.While he was already invited for lectures to India in 1914, he wasn’t taken seriously in Britain until he presented his plan for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, after which he received a positive response for his analysis of ancient Vedic cities. It was not until about 20 years after his death that his works were discussed again. In the1940s and 1950s Geddes was extremely well known. His son Arthur Geddes and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt edited Patrick Geddes’ report on India, which examined the thematic areas of rural surroundings, problems of overcrowding and social segregation, and was published in 1947. In the foreword, written by Lewis Mumford, Mumford referred to Geddes as a global thinker and forefather. Geddes had a deep influence on modernist discourse; his diagrams such as “The Valley Section” and “The Notation of Life” were analyzed with Le Corbusier’s on urban problems. At the CIAM conference in 1946, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt gave the book “Patrick Geddes in India” to Minnette de Silva. Geddes’ analysis was extremely important for post-war CIAM in 1951 and 1956, and a Geddesian valley section was included in the Doorn Manifesto by Team 10. (FA + MH) Sources: De Silva, Minnette (1998): The life & work of an Asian woman architect. Colombo: Smart Media Productions. Branford, Victor/Geddes, Patrick (1917): The Coming Polity: A Study in Reconstruction. London. Goist, Park Dixon (1974): "Patrick Geddes and the City." In: Journal of the American Planning Association, Issue 40/1. 31-37. Home, Robert (1997): Of Planting and Planning. The making of British colonial cities. London: E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall. Joyce, Patrick (2003): The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London: Verso. Rubin, Noah Hysler (2009): "The changing appreciation of Patrick Geddes: a case study in planning history.” In: Planning Perspectives, Issue 24/3. 349-366. Sutherland, Douglas (2009): “Education as an agent of social evolution: the educational projects of Patrick Geddes in late-Victorian Scotland.” In: History of Education, Issue 38/3. 349-365. Welter, Volker M. (2002): Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the city of life. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Welter, Volker M. (2003): “Post-War CIAM, Team X, and the Influence of Patrick Geddes.” In: Camp, D’Laine/van den Heuvel, Dirk/ de Waal, Gijs (Eds.): CIAM Team 10-the English Context. Delft: Technische Universiteit. 87-110. 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(2002): Biopolis. Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 31-32.', 'abstract' => '', 'reference_type_id' => '2', 'url' => '', 'author' => '', 'work' => '', 'publisher' => '', 'year' => '', 'location_id' => '0', 'locationtag_id' => '0', 'user_id' => '7', 'created' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'modified' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'AssetsReference' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Article' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '142', 'thread_id' => '28', 'user_id' => '7', 'usergroup_id' => '0', 'article_type_id' => '3', 'title' => 'Patrick Geddes', 'lead' => '', 'abstract' => '', 'text' => 'Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a trained Scottish biologist. He also worked as an urban planner and teacher. With the approach “diagnosis before treatment,” i.e. the exploration of regional conditions such as geology, geography, climate, economy, and social situation, he is seen as the one who introduced the term “region” to the field of town planning. Volker M. Welter quoted that for Geddes, “to create a city meant in first instance to erect a cultural, educational, and spiritual superstructure rather than to arrange functional zones.” Geddes used biological concepts to think about the city as an organic entity. For Geddes, the city is the culmination of human evolution and even more: “May not the city be the long-sought missing link between animal and human evolution?” (Branford/Geddes 1917: 153) With his stress on “survey before plan” Geddes’ participatory surveys can be understood as technologies for the production of subjects of regulated governmental self-formation. Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Minette De Silva, Artur Glikson, Lewis Mumfords, and others drew from his work. Geddes produced over 45 reports and plans for various cities in Britain and the British Empire, mainly in India and Palestine. Geddes’ influence on town planning discourses fluctuated greatly.While he was already invited for lectures to India in 1914, he wasn’t taken seriously in Britain until he presented his plan for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, after which he received a positive response for his analysis of ancient Vedic cities. It was not until about 20 years after his death that his works were discussed again. In the1940s and 1950s Geddes was extremely well known. His son Arthur Geddes and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt edited Patrick Geddes’ report on India, which examined the thematic areas of rural surroundings, problems of overcrowding and social segregation, and was published in 1947. In the foreword, written by Lewis Mumford, Mumford referred to Geddes as a global thinker and forefather. Geddes had a deep influence on modernist discourse; his diagrams such as “The Valley Section” and “The Notation of Life” were analyzed with Le Corbusier’s on urban problems. At the CIAM conference in 1946, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt gave the book “Patrick Geddes in India” to Minnette de Silva. Geddes’ analysis was extremely important for post-war CIAM in 1951 and 1956, and a Geddesian valley section was included in the Doorn Manifesto by Team 10. (FA + MH) Sources: De Silva, Minnette (1998): The life & work of an Asian woman architect. Colombo: Smart Media Productions. Branford, Victor/Geddes, Patrick (1917): The Coming Polity: A Study in Reconstruction. London. Goist, Park Dixon (1974): "Patrick Geddes and the City." In: Journal of the American Planning Association, Issue 40/1. 31-37. Home, Robert (1997): Of Planting and Planning. The making of British colonial cities. London: E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall. Joyce, Patrick (2003): The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London: Verso. Rubin, Noah Hysler (2009): "The changing appreciation of Patrick Geddes: a case study in planning history.” In: Planning Perspectives, Issue 24/3. 349-366. Sutherland, Douglas (2009): “Education as an agent of social evolution: the educational projects of Patrick Geddes in late-Victorian Scotland.” In: History of Education, Issue 38/3. 349-365. Welter, Volker M. (2002): Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the city of life. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Welter, Volker M. (2003): “Post-War CIAM, Team X, and the Influence of Patrick Geddes.” In: Camp, D’Laine/van den Heuvel, Dirk/ de Waal, Gijs (Eds.): CIAM Team 10-the English Context. Delft: Technische Universiteit. 87-110. 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(2002): Biopolis. Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 31-32.', 'abstract' => '', 'reference_type_id' => '2', 'url' => '', 'author' => '', 'work' => '', 'publisher' => '', 'year' => '', 'location_id' => '0', 'locationtag_id' => '0', 'user_id' => '7', 'created' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'modified' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'AssetsReference' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Article' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '142', 'thread_id' => '28', 'user_id' => '7', 'usergroup_id' => '0', 'article_type_id' => '3', 'title' => 'Patrick Geddes', 'lead' => '', 'abstract' => '', 'text' => 'Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a trained Scottish biologist. He also worked as an urban planner and teacher. With the approach “diagnosis before treatment,” i.e. the exploration of regional conditions such as geology, geography, climate, economy, and social situation, he is seen as the one who introduced the term “region” to the field of town planning. Volker M. Welter quoted that for Geddes, “to create a city meant in first instance to erect a cultural, educational, and spiritual superstructure rather than to arrange functional zones.” Geddes used biological concepts to think about the city as an organic entity. For Geddes, the city is the culmination of human evolution and even more: “May not the city be the long-sought missing link between animal and human evolution?” (Branford/Geddes 1917: 153) With his stress on “survey before plan” Geddes’ participatory surveys can be understood as technologies for the production of subjects of regulated governmental self-formation. Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Minette De Silva, Artur Glikson, Lewis Mumfords, and others drew from his work. Geddes produced over 45 reports and plans for various cities in Britain and the British Empire, mainly in India and Palestine. Geddes’ influence on town planning discourses fluctuated greatly.While he was already invited for lectures to India in 1914, he wasn’t taken seriously in Britain until he presented his plan for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, after which he received a positive response for his analysis of ancient Vedic cities. It was not until about 20 years after his death that his works were discussed again. In the1940s and 1950s Geddes was extremely well known. His son Arthur Geddes and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt edited Patrick Geddes’ report on India, which examined the thematic areas of rural surroundings, problems of overcrowding and social segregation, and was published in 1947. In the foreword, written by Lewis Mumford, Mumford referred to Geddes as a global thinker and forefather. Geddes had a deep influence on modernist discourse; his diagrams such as “The Valley Section” and “The Notation of Life” were analyzed with Le Corbusier’s on urban problems. At the CIAM conference in 1946, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt gave the book “Patrick Geddes in India” to Minnette de Silva. Geddes’ analysis was extremely important for post-war CIAM in 1951 and 1956, and a Geddesian valley section was included in the Doorn Manifesto by Team 10. (FA + MH) Sources: De Silva, Minnette (1998): The life & work of an Asian woman architect. Colombo: Smart Media Productions. Branford, Victor/Geddes, Patrick (1917): The Coming Polity: A Study in Reconstruction. London. Goist, Park Dixon (1974): "Patrick Geddes and the City." In: Journal of the American Planning Association, Issue 40/1. 31-37. Home, Robert (1997): Of Planting and Planning. The making of British colonial cities. London: E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall. Joyce, Patrick (2003): The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London: Verso. Rubin, Noah Hysler (2009): "The changing appreciation of Patrick Geddes: a case study in planning history.” In: Planning Perspectives, Issue 24/3. 349-366. Sutherland, Douglas (2009): “Education as an agent of social evolution: the educational projects of Patrick Geddes in late-Victorian Scotland.” In: History of Education, Issue 38/3. 349-365. Welter, Volker M. (2002): Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the city of life. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Welter, Volker M. (2003): “Post-War CIAM, Team X, and the Influence of Patrick Geddes.” In: Camp, D’Laine/van den Heuvel, Dirk/ de Waal, Gijs (Eds.): CIAM Team 10-the English Context. Delft: Technische Universiteit. 87-110. 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(2002): Biopolis. Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 31-32.', 'abstract' => '', 'reference_type_id' => '2', 'url' => '', 'author' => '', 'work' => '', 'publisher' => '', 'year' => '', 'location_id' => '0', 'locationtag_id' => '0', 'user_id' => '7', 'created' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'modified' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'AssetsReference' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Article' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '142', 'thread_id' => '28', 'user_id' => '7', 'usergroup_id' => '0', 'article_type_id' => '3', 'title' => 'Patrick Geddes', 'lead' => '', 'abstract' => '', 'text' => 'Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a trained Scottish biologist. He also worked as an urban planner and teacher. With the approach “diagnosis before treatment,” i.e. the exploration of regional conditions such as geology, geography, climate, economy, and social situation, he is seen as the one who introduced the term “region” to the field of town planning. Volker M. Welter quoted that for Geddes, “to create a city meant in first instance to erect a cultural, educational, and spiritual superstructure rather than to arrange functional zones.” Geddes used biological concepts to think about the city as an organic entity. For Geddes, the city is the culmination of human evolution and even more: “May not the city be the long-sought missing link between animal and human evolution?” (Branford/Geddes 1917: 153) With his stress on “survey before plan” Geddes’ participatory surveys can be understood as technologies for the production of subjects of regulated governmental self-formation. Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Minette De Silva, Artur Glikson, Lewis Mumfords, and others drew from his work. Geddes produced over 45 reports and plans for various cities in Britain and the British Empire, mainly in India and Palestine. Geddes’ influence on town planning discourses fluctuated greatly.While he was already invited for lectures to India in 1914, he wasn’t taken seriously in Britain until he presented his plan for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, after which he received a positive response for his analysis of ancient Vedic cities. It was not until about 20 years after his death that his works were discussed again. In the1940s and 1950s Geddes was extremely well known. His son Arthur Geddes and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt edited Patrick Geddes’ report on India, which examined the thematic areas of rural surroundings, problems of overcrowding and social segregation, and was published in 1947. In the foreword, written by Lewis Mumford, Mumford referred to Geddes as a global thinker and forefather. Geddes had a deep influence on modernist discourse; his diagrams such as “The Valley Section” and “The Notation of Life” were analyzed with Le Corbusier’s on urban problems. At the CIAM conference in 1946, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt gave the book “Patrick Geddes in India” to Minnette de Silva. Geddes’ analysis was extremely important for post-war CIAM in 1951 and 1956, and a Geddesian valley section was included in the Doorn Manifesto by Team 10. (FA + MH) Sources: De Silva, Minnette (1998): The life & work of an Asian woman architect. Colombo: Smart Media Productions. Branford, Victor/Geddes, Patrick (1917): The Coming Polity: A Study in Reconstruction. London. Goist, Park Dixon (1974): "Patrick Geddes and the City." In: Journal of the American Planning Association, Issue 40/1. 31-37. Home, Robert (1997): Of Planting and Planning. The making of British colonial cities. London: E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall. Joyce, Patrick (2003): The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London: Verso. Rubin, Noah Hysler (2009): "The changing appreciation of Patrick Geddes: a case study in planning history.” In: Planning Perspectives, Issue 24/3. 349-366. Sutherland, Douglas (2009): “Education as an agent of social evolution: the educational projects of Patrick Geddes in late-Victorian Scotland.” In: History of Education, Issue 38/3. 349-365. Welter, Volker M. (2002): Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the city of life. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Welter, Volker M. (2003): “Post-War CIAM, Team X, and the Influence of Patrick Geddes.” In: Camp, D’Laine/van den Heuvel, Dirk/ de Waal, Gijs (Eds.): CIAM Team 10-the English Context. Delft: Technische Universiteit. 87-110. 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(2002): Biopolis. Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 31-32.', 'abstract' => '', 'reference_type_id' => '2', 'url' => '', 'author' => '', 'work' => '', 'publisher' => '', 'year' => '', 'location_id' => '0', 'locationtag_id' => '0', 'user_id' => '7', 'created' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'modified' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'AssetsReference' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Article' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '142', 'thread_id' => '28', 'user_id' => '7', 'usergroup_id' => '0', 'article_type_id' => '3', 'title' => 'Patrick Geddes', 'lead' => '', 'abstract' => '', 'text' => 'Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a trained Scottish biologist. He also worked as an urban planner and teacher. With the approach “diagnosis before treatment,” i.e. the exploration of regional conditions such as geology, geography, climate, economy, and social situation, he is seen as the one who introduced the term “region” to the field of town planning. Volker M. Welter quoted that for Geddes, “to create a city meant in first instance to erect a cultural, educational, and spiritual superstructure rather than to arrange functional zones.” Geddes used biological concepts to think about the city as an organic entity. For Geddes, the city is the culmination of human evolution and even more: “May not the city be the long-sought missing link between animal and human evolution?” (Branford/Geddes 1917: 153) With his stress on “survey before plan” Geddes’ participatory surveys can be understood as technologies for the production of subjects of regulated governmental self-formation. Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Minette De Silva, Artur Glikson, Lewis Mumfords, and others drew from his work. Geddes produced over 45 reports and plans for various cities in Britain and the British Empire, mainly in India and Palestine. Geddes’ influence on town planning discourses fluctuated greatly.While he was already invited for lectures to India in 1914, he wasn’t taken seriously in Britain until he presented his plan for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, after which he received a positive response for his analysis of ancient Vedic cities. It was not until about 20 years after his death that his works were discussed again. In the1940s and 1950s Geddes was extremely well known. His son Arthur Geddes and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt edited Patrick Geddes’ report on India, which examined the thematic areas of rural surroundings, problems of overcrowding and social segregation, and was published in 1947. In the foreword, written by Lewis Mumford, Mumford referred to Geddes as a global thinker and forefather. Geddes had a deep influence on modernist discourse; his diagrams such as “The Valley Section” and “The Notation of Life” were analyzed with Le Corbusier’s on urban problems. At the CIAM conference in 1946, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt gave the book “Patrick Geddes in India” to Minnette de Silva. Geddes’ analysis was extremely important for post-war CIAM in 1951 and 1956, and a Geddesian valley section was included in the Doorn Manifesto by Team 10. (FA + MH) Sources: De Silva, Minnette (1998): The life & work of an Asian woman architect. Colombo: Smart Media Productions. Branford, Victor/Geddes, Patrick (1917): The Coming Polity: A Study in Reconstruction. London. Goist, Park Dixon (1974): "Patrick Geddes and the City." In: Journal of the American Planning Association, Issue 40/1. 31-37. Home, Robert (1997): Of Planting and Planning. The making of British colonial cities. London: E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall. Joyce, Patrick (2003): The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London: Verso. Rubin, Noah Hysler (2009): "The changing appreciation of Patrick Geddes: a case study in planning history.” In: Planning Perspectives, Issue 24/3. 349-366. Sutherland, Douglas (2009): “Education as an agent of social evolution: the educational projects of Patrick Geddes in late-Victorian Scotland.” In: History of Education, Issue 38/3. 349-365. Welter, Volker M. (2002): Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the city of life. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Welter, Volker M. (2003): “Post-War CIAM, Team X, and the Influence of Patrick Geddes.” In: Camp, D’Laine/van den Heuvel, Dirk/ de Waal, Gijs (Eds.): CIAM Team 10-the English Context. Delft: Technische Universiteit. 87-110. 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(2002): Biopolis. Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 31-32.', 'abstract' => '', 'reference_type_id' => '2', 'url' => '', 'author' => '', 'work' => '', 'publisher' => '', 'year' => '', 'location_id' => '0', 'locationtag_id' => '0', 'user_id' => '7', 'created' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'modified' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'AssetsReference' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Article' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '142', 'thread_id' => '28', 'user_id' => '7', 'usergroup_id' => '0', 'article_type_id' => '3', 'title' => 'Patrick Geddes', 'lead' => '', 'abstract' => '', 'text' => 'Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a trained Scottish biologist. He also worked as an urban planner and teacher. With the approach “diagnosis before treatment,” i.e. the exploration of regional conditions such as geology, geography, climate, economy, and social situation, he is seen as the one who introduced the term “region” to the field of town planning. Volker M. Welter quoted that for Geddes, “to create a city meant in first instance to erect a cultural, educational, and spiritual superstructure rather than to arrange functional zones.” Geddes used biological concepts to think about the city as an organic entity. For Geddes, the city is the culmination of human evolution and even more: “May not the city be the long-sought missing link between animal and human evolution?” (Branford/Geddes 1917: 153) With his stress on “survey before plan” Geddes’ participatory surveys can be understood as technologies for the production of subjects of regulated governmental self-formation. Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Minette De Silva, Artur Glikson, Lewis Mumfords, and others drew from his work. Geddes produced over 45 reports and plans for various cities in Britain and the British Empire, mainly in India and Palestine. Geddes’ influence on town planning discourses fluctuated greatly.While he was already invited for lectures to India in 1914, he wasn’t taken seriously in Britain until he presented his plan for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, after which he received a positive response for his analysis of ancient Vedic cities. It was not until about 20 years after his death that his works were discussed again. In the1940s and 1950s Geddes was extremely well known. His son Arthur Geddes and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt edited Patrick Geddes’ report on India, which examined the thematic areas of rural surroundings, problems of overcrowding and social segregation, and was published in 1947. In the foreword, written by Lewis Mumford, Mumford referred to Geddes as a global thinker and forefather. Geddes had a deep influence on modernist discourse; his diagrams such as “The Valley Section” and “The Notation of Life” were analyzed with Le Corbusier’s on urban problems. At the CIAM conference in 1946, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt gave the book “Patrick Geddes in India” to Minnette de Silva. Geddes’ analysis was extremely important for post-war CIAM in 1951 and 1956, and a Geddesian valley section was included in the Doorn Manifesto by Team 10. (FA + MH) Sources: De Silva, Minnette (1998): The life & work of an Asian woman architect. Colombo: Smart Media Productions. Branford, Victor/Geddes, Patrick (1917): The Coming Polity: A Study in Reconstruction. London. Goist, Park Dixon (1974): "Patrick Geddes and the City." In: Journal of the American Planning Association, Issue 40/1. 31-37. Home, Robert (1997): Of Planting and Planning. The making of British colonial cities. London: E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall. Joyce, Patrick (2003): The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London: Verso. Rubin, Noah Hysler (2009): "The changing appreciation of Patrick Geddes: a case study in planning history.” In: Planning Perspectives, Issue 24/3. 349-366. Sutherland, Douglas (2009): “Education as an agent of social evolution: the educational projects of Patrick Geddes in late-Victorian Scotland.” In: History of Education, Issue 38/3. 349-365. Welter, Volker M. (2002): Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the city of life. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Welter, Volker M. (2003): “Post-War CIAM, Team X, and the Influence of Patrick Geddes.” In: Camp, D’Laine/van den Heuvel, Dirk/ de Waal, Gijs (Eds.): CIAM Team 10-the English Context. Delft: Technische Universiteit. 87-110. 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(2002): Biopolis. Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 31-32.', 'abstract' => '', 'reference_type_id' => '2', 'url' => '', 'author' => '', 'work' => '', 'publisher' => '', 'year' => '', 'location_id' => '0', 'locationtag_id' => '0', 'user_id' => '7', 'created' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'modified' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'AssetsReference' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Article' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '142', 'thread_id' => '28', 'user_id' => '7', 'usergroup_id' => '0', 'article_type_id' => '3', 'title' => 'Patrick Geddes', 'lead' => '', 'abstract' => '', 'text' => 'Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a trained Scottish biologist. He also worked as an urban planner and teacher. With the approach “diagnosis before treatment,” i.e. the exploration of regional conditions such as geology, geography, climate, economy, and social situation, he is seen as the one who introduced the term “region” to the field of town planning. Volker M. Welter quoted that for Geddes, “to create a city meant in first instance to erect a cultural, educational, and spiritual superstructure rather than to arrange functional zones.” Geddes used biological concepts to think about the city as an organic entity. For Geddes, the city is the culmination of human evolution and even more: “May not the city be the long-sought missing link between animal and human evolution?” (Branford/Geddes 1917: 153) With his stress on “survey before plan” Geddes’ participatory surveys can be understood as technologies for the production of subjects of regulated governmental self-formation. Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Minette De Silva, Artur Glikson, Lewis Mumfords, and others drew from his work. Geddes produced over 45 reports and plans for various cities in Britain and the British Empire, mainly in India and Palestine. Geddes’ influence on town planning discourses fluctuated greatly.While he was already invited for lectures to India in 1914, he wasn’t taken seriously in Britain until he presented his plan for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, after which he received a positive response for his analysis of ancient Vedic cities. It was not until about 20 years after his death that his works were discussed again. In the1940s and 1950s Geddes was extremely well known. His son Arthur Geddes and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt edited Patrick Geddes’ report on India, which examined the thematic areas of rural surroundings, problems of overcrowding and social segregation, and was published in 1947. In the foreword, written by Lewis Mumford, Mumford referred to Geddes as a global thinker and forefather. Geddes had a deep influence on modernist discourse; his diagrams such as “The Valley Section” and “The Notation of Life” were analyzed with Le Corbusier’s on urban problems. At the CIAM conference in 1946, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt gave the book “Patrick Geddes in India” to Minnette de Silva. Geddes’ analysis was extremely important for post-war CIAM in 1951 and 1956, and a Geddesian valley section was included in the Doorn Manifesto by Team 10. (FA + MH) Sources: De Silva, Minnette (1998): The life & work of an Asian woman architect. Colombo: Smart Media Productions. Branford, Victor/Geddes, Patrick (1917): The Coming Polity: A Study in Reconstruction. London. Goist, Park Dixon (1974): "Patrick Geddes and the City." In: Journal of the American Planning Association, Issue 40/1. 31-37. Home, Robert (1997): Of Planting and Planning. The making of British colonial cities. London: E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall. Joyce, Patrick (2003): The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London: Verso. Rubin, Noah Hysler (2009): "The changing appreciation of Patrick Geddes: a case study in planning history.” In: Planning Perspectives, Issue 24/3. 349-366. Sutherland, Douglas (2009): “Education as an agent of social evolution: the educational projects of Patrick Geddes in late-Victorian Scotland.” In: History of Education, Issue 38/3. 349-365. Welter, Volker M. (2002): Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the city of life. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Welter, Volker M. (2003): “Post-War CIAM, Team X, and the Influence of Patrick Geddes.” In: Camp, D’Laine/van den Heuvel, Dirk/ de Waal, Gijs (Eds.): CIAM Team 10-the English Context. Delft: Technische Universiteit. 87-110. 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(2002): Biopolis. Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 31-32.', 'abstract' => '', 'reference_type_id' => '2', 'url' => '', 'author' => '', 'work' => '', 'publisher' => '', 'year' => '', 'location_id' => '0', 'locationtag_id' => '0', 'user_id' => '7', 'created' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'modified' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'AssetsReference' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Article' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '142', 'thread_id' => '28', 'user_id' => '7', 'usergroup_id' => '0', 'article_type_id' => '3', 'title' => 'Patrick Geddes', 'lead' => '', 'abstract' => '', 'text' => 'Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a trained Scottish biologist. He also worked as an urban planner and teacher. With the approach “diagnosis before treatment,” i.e. the exploration of regional conditions such as geology, geography, climate, economy, and social situation, he is seen as the one who introduced the term “region” to the field of town planning. Volker M. Welter quoted that for Geddes, “to create a city meant in first instance to erect a cultural, educational, and spiritual superstructure rather than to arrange functional zones.” Geddes used biological concepts to think about the city as an organic entity. For Geddes, the city is the culmination of human evolution and even more: “May not the city be the long-sought missing link between animal and human evolution?” (Branford/Geddes 1917: 153) With his stress on “survey before plan” Geddes’ participatory surveys can be understood as technologies for the production of subjects of regulated governmental self-formation. Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Minette De Silva, Artur Glikson, Lewis Mumfords, and others drew from his work. Geddes produced over 45 reports and plans for various cities in Britain and the British Empire, mainly in India and Palestine. Geddes’ influence on town planning discourses fluctuated greatly.While he was already invited for lectures to India in 1914, he wasn’t taken seriously in Britain until he presented his plan for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, after which he received a positive response for his analysis of ancient Vedic cities. It was not until about 20 years after his death that his works were discussed again. In the1940s and 1950s Geddes was extremely well known. His son Arthur Geddes and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt edited Patrick Geddes’ report on India, which examined the thematic areas of rural surroundings, problems of overcrowding and social segregation, and was published in 1947. In the foreword, written by Lewis Mumford, Mumford referred to Geddes as a global thinker and forefather. Geddes had a deep influence on modernist discourse; his diagrams such as “The Valley Section” and “The Notation of Life” were analyzed with Le Corbusier’s on urban problems. At the CIAM conference in 1946, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt gave the book “Patrick Geddes in India” to Minnette de Silva. Geddes’ analysis was extremely important for post-war CIAM in 1951 and 1956, and a Geddesian valley section was included in the Doorn Manifesto by Team 10. (FA + MH) Sources: De Silva, Minnette (1998): The life & work of an Asian woman architect. Colombo: Smart Media Productions. Branford, Victor/Geddes, Patrick (1917): The Coming Polity: A Study in Reconstruction. London. Goist, Park Dixon (1974): "Patrick Geddes and the City." In: Journal of the American Planning Association, Issue 40/1. 31-37. Home, Robert (1997): Of Planting and Planning. The making of British colonial cities. London: E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall. Joyce, Patrick (2003): The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London: Verso. Rubin, Noah Hysler (2009): "The changing appreciation of Patrick Geddes: a case study in planning history.” In: Planning Perspectives, Issue 24/3. 349-366. Sutherland, Douglas (2009): “Education as an agent of social evolution: the educational projects of Patrick Geddes in late-Victorian Scotland.” In: History of Education, Issue 38/3. 349-365. Welter, Volker M. (2002): Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the city of life. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Welter, Volker M. (2003): “Post-War CIAM, Team X, and the Influence of Patrick Geddes.” In: Camp, D’Laine/van den Heuvel, Dirk/ de Waal, Gijs (Eds.): CIAM Team 10-the English Context. Delft: Technische Universiteit. 87-110. 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(2002): Biopolis. Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 31-32.', 'abstract' => '', 'reference_type_id' => '2', 'url' => '', 'author' => '', 'work' => '', 'publisher' => '', 'year' => '', 'location_id' => '0', 'locationtag_id' => '0', 'user_id' => '7', 'created' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'modified' => '2012-03-05 16:01:22', 'AssetsReference' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Article' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '142', 'thread_id' => '28', 'user_id' => '7', 'usergroup_id' => '0', 'article_type_id' => '3', 'title' => 'Patrick Geddes', 'lead' => '', 'abstract' => '', 'text' => 'Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a trained Scottish biologist. He also worked as an urban planner and teacher. With the approach “diagnosis before treatment,” i.e. the exploration of regional conditions such as geology, geography, climate, economy, and social situation, he is seen as the one who introduced the term “region” to the field of town planning. Volker M. Welter quoted that for Geddes, “to create a city meant in first instance to erect a cultural, educational, and spiritual superstructure rather than to arrange functional zones.” Geddes used biological concepts to think about the city as an organic entity. For Geddes, the city is the culmination of human evolution and even more: “May not the city be the long-sought missing link between animal and human evolution?” (Branford/Geddes 1917: 153) With his stress on “survey before plan” Geddes’ participatory surveys can be understood as technologies for the production of subjects of regulated governmental self-formation. Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Minette De Silva, Artur Glikson, Lewis Mumfords, and others drew from his work. Geddes produced over 45 reports and plans for various cities in Britain and the British Empire, mainly in India and Palestine. Geddes’ influence on town planning discourses fluctuated greatly.While he was already invited for lectures to India in 1914, he wasn’t taken seriously in Britain until he presented his plan for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, after which he received a positive response for his analysis of ancient Vedic cities. It was not until about 20 years after his death that his works were discussed again. In the1940s and 1950s Geddes was extremely well known. His son Arthur Geddes and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt edited Patrick Geddes’ report on India, which examined the thematic areas of rural surroundings, problems of overcrowding and social segregation, and was published in 1947. In the foreword, written by Lewis Mumford, Mumford referred to Geddes as a global thinker and forefather. Geddes had a deep influence on modernist discourse; his diagrams such as “The Valley Section” and “The Notation of Life” were analyzed with Le Corbusier’s on urban problems. At the CIAM conference in 1946, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt gave the book “Patrick Geddes in India” to Minnette de Silva. Geddes’ analysis was extremely important for post-war CIAM in 1951 and 1956, and a Geddesian valley section was included in the Doorn Manifesto by Team 10. (FA + MH) Sources: De Silva, Minnette (1998): The life & work of an Asian woman architect. Colombo: Smart Media Productions. Branford, Victor/Geddes, Patrick (1917): The Coming Polity: A Study in Reconstruction. London. Goist, Park Dixon (1974): "Patrick Geddes and the City." In: Journal of the American Planning Association, Issue 40/1. 31-37. Home, Robert (1997): Of Planting and Planning. The making of British colonial cities. London: E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall. Joyce, Patrick (2003): The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London: Verso. Rubin, Noah Hysler (2009): "The changing appreciation of Patrick Geddes: a case study in planning history.” In: Planning Perspectives, Issue 24/3. 349-366. Sutherland, Douglas (2009): “Education as an agent of social evolution: the educational projects of Patrick Geddes in late-Victorian Scotland.” In: History of Education, Issue 38/3. 349-365. Welter, Volker M. (2002): Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the city of life. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Welter, Volker M. (2003): “Post-War CIAM, Team X, and the Influence of Patrick Geddes.” In: Camp, D’Laine/van den Heuvel, Dirk/ de Waal, Gijs (Eds.): CIAM Team 10-the English Context. Delft: Technische Universiteit. 87-110. 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