Notice (8): Undefined variable: parent_thread_ids [APP/View/Elements/website/topnavigation.ctp, line 60]
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			'text' => 'As early as 1953 members of the school’s faculty including Hsia Changshi, Mo Bozhi, and Long Qingsong established a research institute for vernacular architecture at South China University of Technology in Guangzhou. This was the same year that the ATBAT Afrique group presented their analysis of a Moroccan bidonville, and Siegfrid Giedion recognized the “cultural in-pour of far-flung continents” at the CIAM 9 congress in Aix en Provence. (Giedion, 1953:1)

The institute, originally named “Chinese Architectural Research Institute,” was established as one of similar institutes and centers set up all over China to “investigate how the new Chinese nation could create a distinctive ethnic culture.” (Lu 2011) This research resulted in the extraction of unique local characteristics being added to buildings, giving them ethnic and regional distinctiveness and featuring Lingnan architecture as an exclusive style.

The output of the institute was primarily determined by its founders’ interests. The research areas of the three professors covered different fields. Hsia’s focus was on Lingnan architecture and in particular on garden architecture. Long’s primary interest was ancient buildings, including building technology, fire and flood prevention, and Chen predominantly studied residential housing. 

While local folk architecture was emphasized in the northern part of the country, in the south the climatic conditions of Lingnan architecture took center stage. On-site surveys were carried out in local residents’ houses; and slowly realizing “that many of the unique characteristics of folk architecture are tied to the climate, we focused more on ventilation and shading from the sun, and the many excellent methods to adapt to the climate.” (Lu 2011: interview)
As a result, there was a gradual emergence of research on Lingnan architecture. Students were taken on-site in order to study the buildings and gardens.

Two years after the institute’s establishment, political circumstances brought about a temporary end with the professors being criticized and official research suspended. The shift in politics from nationalistic to economical also entailed a revived interest in the local and vernacular architecture, this time with less focus on its unique features, but rather on its natural rationality and efficiency in the use of materials and technology. (CL)

Sources: 
Giedion, Siegfrid (1953): “Habitat” zum 9. CIAM Kongress. GTA Archiv Zürich.
ILinortner, Christina (2011): Interview with Prof.Lu Yuanding Sen. and Prof. Lu Yuanding Jun. Guangzhou. 14/10/2011.


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			'title' => 'Minzu Jianzhu ',
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			'text' => 'As early as 1953 members of the school’s faculty including Hsia Changshi, Mo Bozhi, and Long Qingsong established a research institute for vernacular architecture at South China University of Technology in Guangzhou. This was the same year that the ATBAT Afrique group presented their analysis of a Moroccan bidonville, and Siegfrid Giedion recognized the “cultural in-pour of far-flung continents” at the CIAM 9 congress in Aix en Provence. (Giedion, 1953:1)

The institute, originally named “Chinese Architectural Research Institute,” was established as one of similar institutes and centers set up all over China to “investigate how the new Chinese nation could create a distinctive ethnic culture.” (Lu 2011) This research resulted in the extraction of unique local characteristics being added to buildings, giving them ethnic and regional distinctiveness and featuring Lingnan architecture as an exclusive style.

The output of the institute was primarily determined by its founders’ interests. The research areas of the three professors covered different fields. Hsia’s focus was on Lingnan architecture and in particular on garden architecture. Long’s primary interest was ancient buildings, including building technology, fire and flood prevention, and Chen predominantly studied residential housing. 

While local folk architecture was emphasized in the northern part of the country, in the south the climatic conditions of Lingnan architecture took center stage. On-site surveys were carried out in local residents’ houses; and slowly realizing “that many of the unique characteristics of folk architecture are tied to the climate, we focused more on ventilation and shading from the sun, and the many excellent methods to adapt to the climate.” (Lu 2011: interview)
As a result, there was a gradual emergence of research on Lingnan architecture. Students were taken on-site in order to study the buildings and gardens.

Two years after the institute’s establishment, political circumstances brought about a temporary end with the professors being criticized and official research suspended. The shift in politics from nationalistic to economical also entailed a revived interest in the local and vernacular architecture, this time with less focus on its unique features, but rather on its natural rationality and efficiency in the use of materials and technology. (CL)

Sources: 
Giedion, Siegfrid (1953): “Habitat” zum 9. CIAM Kongress. GTA Archiv Zürich.
ILinortner, Christina (2011): Interview with Prof.Lu Yuanding Sen. and Prof. Lu Yuanding Jun. Guangzhou. 14/10/2011.


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View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224
View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418
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View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 107

Notice (8): Undefined variable: parent_thread_ids [APP/View/Elements/website/topnavigation.ctp, line 60]
Code Context
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The institute, originally named “Chinese Architectural Research Institute,” was established as one of similar institutes and centers set up all over China to “investigate how the new Chinese nation could create a distinctive ethnic culture.” (Lu 2011) This research resulted in the extraction of unique local characteristics being added to buildings, giving them ethnic and regional distinctiveness and featuring Lingnan architecture as an exclusive style.

The output of the institute was primarily determined by its founders’ interests. The research areas of the three professors covered different fields. Hsia’s focus was on Lingnan architecture and in particular on garden architecture. Long’s primary interest was ancient buildings, including building technology, fire and flood prevention, and Chen predominantly studied residential housing. 

While local folk architecture was emphasized in the northern part of the country, in the south the climatic conditions of Lingnan architecture took center stage. On-site surveys were carried out in local residents’ houses; and slowly realizing “that many of the unique characteristics of folk architecture are tied to the climate, we focused more on ventilation and shading from the sun, and the many excellent methods to adapt to the climate.” (Lu 2011: interview)
As a result, there was a gradual emergence of research on Lingnan architecture. Students were taken on-site in order to study the buildings and gardens.

Two years after the institute’s establishment, political circumstances brought about a temporary end with the professors being criticized and official research suspended. The shift in politics from nationalistic to economical also entailed a revived interest in the local and vernacular architecture, this time with less focus on its unique features, but rather on its natural rationality and efficiency in the use of materials and technology. (CL)

Sources: 
Giedion, Siegfrid (1953): “Habitat” zum 9. CIAM Kongress. GTA Archiv Zürich.
ILinortner, Christina (2011): Interview with Prof.Lu Yuanding Sen. and Prof. Lu Yuanding Jun. Guangzhou. 14/10/2011.


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			'title' => 'Minzu Jianzhu ',
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			'text' => 'As early as 1953 members of the school’s faculty including Hsia Changshi, Mo Bozhi, and Long Qingsong established a research institute for vernacular architecture at South China University of Technology in Guangzhou. This was the same year that the ATBAT Afrique group presented their analysis of a Moroccan bidonville, and Siegfrid Giedion recognized the “cultural in-pour of far-flung continents” at the CIAM 9 congress in Aix en Provence. (Giedion, 1953:1)

The institute, originally named “Chinese Architectural Research Institute,” was established as one of similar institutes and centers set up all over China to “investigate how the new Chinese nation could create a distinctive ethnic culture.” (Lu 2011) This research resulted in the extraction of unique local characteristics being added to buildings, giving them ethnic and regional distinctiveness and featuring Lingnan architecture as an exclusive style.

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While local folk architecture was emphasized in the northern part of the country, in the south the climatic conditions of Lingnan architecture took center stage. On-site surveys were carried out in local residents’ houses; and slowly realizing “that many of the unique characteristics of folk architecture are tied to the climate, we focused more on ventilation and shading from the sun, and the many excellent methods to adapt to the climate.” (Lu 2011: interview)
As a result, there was a gradual emergence of research on Lingnan architecture. Students were taken on-site in order to study the buildings and gardens.

Two years after the institute’s establishment, political circumstances brought about a temporary end with the professors being criticized and official research suspended. The shift in politics from nationalistic to economical also entailed a revived interest in the local and vernacular architecture, this time with less focus on its unique features, but rather on its natural rationality and efficiency in the use of materials and technology. (CL)

Sources: 
Giedion, Siegfrid (1953): “Habitat” zum 9. CIAM Kongress. GTA Archiv Zürich.
ILinortner, Christina (2011): Interview with Prof.Lu Yuanding Sen. and Prof. Lu Yuanding Jun. Guangzhou. 14/10/2011.


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include - APP/View/Website/asset.ctp, line 4
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 107

Notice (8): Undefined variable: parent_thread_ids [APP/View/Elements/website/topnavigation.ctp, line 60]
Code Context
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			'text' => 'As early as 1953 members of the school’s faculty including Hsia Changshi, Mo Bozhi, and Long Qingsong established a research institute for vernacular architecture at South China University of Technology in Guangzhou. This was the same year that the ATBAT Afrique group presented their analysis of a Moroccan bidonville, and Siegfrid Giedion recognized the “cultural in-pour of far-flung continents” at the CIAM 9 congress in Aix en Provence. (Giedion, 1953:1)

The institute, originally named “Chinese Architectural Research Institute,” was established as one of similar institutes and centers set up all over China to “investigate how the new Chinese nation could create a distinctive ethnic culture.” (Lu 2011) This research resulted in the extraction of unique local characteristics being added to buildings, giving them ethnic and regional distinctiveness and featuring Lingnan architecture as an exclusive style.

The output of the institute was primarily determined by its founders’ interests. The research areas of the three professors covered different fields. Hsia’s focus was on Lingnan architecture and in particular on garden architecture. Long’s primary interest was ancient buildings, including building technology, fire and flood prevention, and Chen predominantly studied residential housing. 

While local folk architecture was emphasized in the northern part of the country, in the south the climatic conditions of Lingnan architecture took center stage. On-site surveys were carried out in local residents’ houses; and slowly realizing “that many of the unique characteristics of folk architecture are tied to the climate, we focused more on ventilation and shading from the sun, and the many excellent methods to adapt to the climate.” (Lu 2011: interview)
As a result, there was a gradual emergence of research on Lingnan architecture. Students were taken on-site in order to study the buildings and gardens.

Two years after the institute’s establishment, political circumstances brought about a temporary end with the professors being criticized and official research suspended. The shift in politics from nationalistic to economical also entailed a revived interest in the local and vernacular architecture, this time with less focus on its unique features, but rather on its natural rationality and efficiency in the use of materials and technology. (CL)

Sources: 
Giedion, Siegfrid (1953): “Habitat” zum 9. CIAM Kongress. GTA Archiv Zürich.
ILinortner, Christina (2011): Interview with Prof.Lu Yuanding Sen. and Prof. Lu Yuanding Jun. Guangzhou. 14/10/2011.


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			'title' => 'Minzu Jianzhu ',
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			'text' => 'As early as 1953 members of the school’s faculty including Hsia Changshi, Mo Bozhi, and Long Qingsong established a research institute for vernacular architecture at South China University of Technology in Guangzhou. This was the same year that the ATBAT Afrique group presented their analysis of a Moroccan bidonville, and Siegfrid Giedion recognized the “cultural in-pour of far-flung continents” at the CIAM 9 congress in Aix en Provence. (Giedion, 1953:1)

The institute, originally named “Chinese Architectural Research Institute,” was established as one of similar institutes and centers set up all over China to “investigate how the new Chinese nation could create a distinctive ethnic culture.” (Lu 2011) This research resulted in the extraction of unique local characteristics being added to buildings, giving them ethnic and regional distinctiveness and featuring Lingnan architecture as an exclusive style.

The output of the institute was primarily determined by its founders’ interests. The research areas of the three professors covered different fields. Hsia’s focus was on Lingnan architecture and in particular on garden architecture. Long’s primary interest was ancient buildings, including building technology, fire and flood prevention, and Chen predominantly studied residential housing. 

While local folk architecture was emphasized in the northern part of the country, in the south the climatic conditions of Lingnan architecture took center stage. On-site surveys were carried out in local residents’ houses; and slowly realizing “that many of the unique characteristics of folk architecture are tied to the climate, we focused more on ventilation and shading from the sun, and the many excellent methods to adapt to the climate.” (Lu 2011: interview)
As a result, there was a gradual emergence of research on Lingnan architecture. Students were taken on-site in order to study the buildings and gardens.

Two years after the institute’s establishment, political circumstances brought about a temporary end with the professors being criticized and official research suspended. The shift in politics from nationalistic to economical also entailed a revived interest in the local and vernacular architecture, this time with less focus on its unique features, but rather on its natural rationality and efficiency in the use of materials and technology. (CL)

Sources: 
Giedion, Siegfrid (1953): “Habitat” zum 9. CIAM Kongress. GTA Archiv Zürich.
ILinortner, Christina (2011): Interview with Prof.Lu Yuanding Sen. and Prof. Lu Yuanding Jun. Guangzhou. 14/10/2011.


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View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224
View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418
include - APP/View/Website/asset.ctp, line 4
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 107

Notice (8): Undefined variable: parent_thread_ids [APP/View/Elements/website/topnavigation.ctp, line 60]
Code Context
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			'text' => 'As early as 1953 members of the school’s faculty including Hsia Changshi, Mo Bozhi, and Long Qingsong established a research institute for vernacular architecture at South China University of Technology in Guangzhou. This was the same year that the ATBAT Afrique group presented their analysis of a Moroccan bidonville, and Siegfrid Giedion recognized the “cultural in-pour of far-flung continents” at the CIAM 9 congress in Aix en Provence. (Giedion, 1953:1)

The institute, originally named “Chinese Architectural Research Institute,” was established as one of similar institutes and centers set up all over China to “investigate how the new Chinese nation could create a distinctive ethnic culture.” (Lu 2011) This research resulted in the extraction of unique local characteristics being added to buildings, giving them ethnic and regional distinctiveness and featuring Lingnan architecture as an exclusive style.

The output of the institute was primarily determined by its founders’ interests. The research areas of the three professors covered different fields. Hsia’s focus was on Lingnan architecture and in particular on garden architecture. Long’s primary interest was ancient buildings, including building technology, fire and flood prevention, and Chen predominantly studied residential housing. 

While local folk architecture was emphasized in the northern part of the country, in the south the climatic conditions of Lingnan architecture took center stage. On-site surveys were carried out in local residents’ houses; and slowly realizing “that many of the unique characteristics of folk architecture are tied to the climate, we focused more on ventilation and shading from the sun, and the many excellent methods to adapt to the climate.” (Lu 2011: interview)
As a result, there was a gradual emergence of research on Lingnan architecture. Students were taken on-site in order to study the buildings and gardens.

Two years after the institute’s establishment, political circumstances brought about a temporary end with the professors being criticized and official research suspended. The shift in politics from nationalistic to economical also entailed a revived interest in the local and vernacular architecture, this time with less focus on its unique features, but rather on its natural rationality and efficiency in the use of materials and technology. (CL)

Sources: 
Giedion, Siegfrid (1953): “Habitat” zum 9. CIAM Kongress. GTA Archiv Zürich.
ILinortner, Christina (2011): Interview with Prof.Lu Yuanding Sen. and Prof. Lu Yuanding Jun. Guangzhou. 14/10/2011.


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			'title' => 'Minzu Jianzhu ',
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			'text' => 'As early as 1953 members of the school’s faculty including Hsia Changshi, Mo Bozhi, and Long Qingsong established a research institute for vernacular architecture at South China University of Technology in Guangzhou. This was the same year that the ATBAT Afrique group presented their analysis of a Moroccan bidonville, and Siegfrid Giedion recognized the “cultural in-pour of far-flung continents” at the CIAM 9 congress in Aix en Provence. (Giedion, 1953:1)

The institute, originally named “Chinese Architectural Research Institute,” was established as one of similar institutes and centers set up all over China to “investigate how the new Chinese nation could create a distinctive ethnic culture.” (Lu 2011) This research resulted in the extraction of unique local characteristics being added to buildings, giving them ethnic and regional distinctiveness and featuring Lingnan architecture as an exclusive style.

The output of the institute was primarily determined by its founders’ interests. The research areas of the three professors covered different fields. Hsia’s focus was on Lingnan architecture and in particular on garden architecture. Long’s primary interest was ancient buildings, including building technology, fire and flood prevention, and Chen predominantly studied residential housing. 

While local folk architecture was emphasized in the northern part of the country, in the south the climatic conditions of Lingnan architecture took center stage. On-site surveys were carried out in local residents’ houses; and slowly realizing “that many of the unique characteristics of folk architecture are tied to the climate, we focused more on ventilation and shading from the sun, and the many excellent methods to adapt to the climate.” (Lu 2011: interview)
As a result, there was a gradual emergence of research on Lingnan architecture. Students were taken on-site in order to study the buildings and gardens.

Two years after the institute’s establishment, political circumstances brought about a temporary end with the professors being criticized and official research suspended. The shift in politics from nationalistic to economical also entailed a revived interest in the local and vernacular architecture, this time with less focus on its unique features, but rather on its natural rationality and efficiency in the use of materials and technology. (CL)

Sources: 
Giedion, Siegfrid (1953): “Habitat” zum 9. CIAM Kongress. GTA Archiv Zürich.
ILinortner, Christina (2011): Interview with Prof.Lu Yuanding Sen. and Prof. Lu Yuanding Jun. Guangzhou. 14/10/2011.


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in_array - [internal], line ??
include - APP/View/Elements/website/topnavigation.ctp, line 60
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224
View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418
include - APP/View/Website/asset.ctp, line 4
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 107

Notice (8): Undefined variable: parent_thread_ids [APP/View/Elements/website/topnavigation.ctp, line 60]
Code Context
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			'text' => 'As early as 1953 members of the school’s faculty including Hsia Changshi, Mo Bozhi, and Long Qingsong established a research institute for vernacular architecture at South China University of Technology in Guangzhou. This was the same year that the ATBAT Afrique group presented their analysis of a Moroccan bidonville, and Siegfrid Giedion recognized the “cultural in-pour of far-flung continents” at the CIAM 9 congress in Aix en Provence. (Giedion, 1953:1)

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The output of the institute was primarily determined by its founders’ interests. The research areas of the three professors covered different fields. Hsia’s focus was on Lingnan architecture and in particular on garden architecture. Long’s primary interest was ancient buildings, including building technology, fire and flood prevention, and Chen predominantly studied residential housing. 

While local folk architecture was emphasized in the northern part of the country, in the south the climatic conditions of Lingnan architecture took center stage. On-site surveys were carried out in local residents’ houses; and slowly realizing “that many of the unique characteristics of folk architecture are tied to the climate, we focused more on ventilation and shading from the sun, and the many excellent methods to adapt to the climate.” (Lu 2011: interview)
As a result, there was a gradual emergence of research on Lingnan architecture. Students were taken on-site in order to study the buildings and gardens.

Two years after the institute’s establishment, political circumstances brought about a temporary end with the professors being criticized and official research suspended. The shift in politics from nationalistic to economical also entailed a revived interest in the local and vernacular architecture, this time with less focus on its unique features, but rather on its natural rationality and efficiency in the use of materials and technology. (CL)

Sources: 
Giedion, Siegfrid (1953): “Habitat” zum 9. CIAM Kongress. GTA Archiv Zürich.
ILinortner, Christina (2011): Interview with Prof.Lu Yuanding Sen. and Prof. Lu Yuanding Jun. Guangzhou. 14/10/2011.


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			'title' => 'Minzu Jianzhu ',
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			'text' => 'As early as 1953 members of the school’s faculty including Hsia Changshi, Mo Bozhi, and Long Qingsong established a research institute for vernacular architecture at South China University of Technology in Guangzhou. This was the same year that the ATBAT Afrique group presented their analysis of a Moroccan bidonville, and Siegfrid Giedion recognized the “cultural in-pour of far-flung continents” at the CIAM 9 congress in Aix en Provence. (Giedion, 1953:1)

The institute, originally named “Chinese Architectural Research Institute,” was established as one of similar institutes and centers set up all over China to “investigate how the new Chinese nation could create a distinctive ethnic culture.” (Lu 2011) This research resulted in the extraction of unique local characteristics being added to buildings, giving them ethnic and regional distinctiveness and featuring Lingnan architecture as an exclusive style.

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As a result, there was a gradual emergence of research on Lingnan architecture. Students were taken on-site in order to study the buildings and gardens.

Two years after the institute’s establishment, political circumstances brought about a temporary end with the professors being criticized and official research suspended. The shift in politics from nationalistic to economical also entailed a revived interest in the local and vernacular architecture, this time with less focus on its unique features, but rather on its natural rationality and efficiency in the use of materials and technology. (CL)

Sources: 
Giedion, Siegfrid (1953): “Habitat” zum 9. CIAM Kongress. GTA Archiv Zürich.
ILinortner, Christina (2011): Interview with Prof.Lu Yuanding Sen. and Prof. Lu Yuanding Jun. Guangzhou. 14/10/2011.


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Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 107